Introduction
In recent years, Chromebooks have gained popularity due to their low cost, fast boot time, and integration with Google services. However, many users feel that the Chrome OS environment limits their ability to run traditional Linux applications or to customize the system to their liking. This includes the possibility of running full-featured IDEs, Docker containers, or development environments that are not available in the Chrome Web Store. Enter GalliumOS, a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu and designed specifically to run on Chromebook hardware. GalliumOS combines Ubuntu’s stability with an optimized kernel and adapted drivers, offering a smooth experience without sacrificing the freedom of free software. In this article we will explore what GalliumOS is, its most notable features, how to install it, and why it could be the ideal option to give your Chromebook a second life.
What is GalliumOS?
GalliumOS originates from the Gallium project, which aimed to create a lightweight operating system for devices with limited resources. Based on Ubuntu LTS, it uses the XFCE desktop environment for its low memory consumption and speed. GalliumOS developers have patched the kernel to improve support for Chromebook-specific hardware, such as the keyboard, touchpad, and light sensors. Additionally, they include preconfigured packages that facilitate running development, office, and multimedia applications without needing to compile from scratch. Thanks to these adaptations, GalliumOS achieves a boot time of under ten seconds on most models and maintains RAM usage below 500 MB at idle. This allows even older models with only 2 GB of RAM to run multiple applications simultaneously without experiencing significant slowdowns. This makes it an attractive alternative for both casual users and developers who need a full Linux environment.
Main Features
Among its most notable features are:
- Kernel optimized for Chromebook hardware, with better support for keyboard, touchpad, and sensors.
- Lightweight and customizable XFCE desktop environment, ideal for machines with limited resources.
- Ubuntu LTS base, which guarantees access to a vast repository of packages and regular security updates.
- Preinstalled development tools such as Git, Node.js, and Python, ready to use immediately.
- Recovery and restoration utility that allows returning to Chrome OS without losing data.
Installation and Requirements
Before installing GalliumOS, you need to verify that your Chromebook model is on the list of compatible devices, available in the official wiki. It is recommended to create a backup of your important data on Google Drive or an external drive before proceeding, as the partitioning process may erase existing data. The process begins by enabling developer mode on the Chromebook, which allows booting from a USB drive or an SD card. Then, you download the GalliumOS ISO image from its website and write it to the boot media using tools such as Rufus or balenaEtcher. Upon rebooting the device, you select the option to boot from the external media and follow the installation wizard, which partitions the internal storage and copies the necessary files. After installation, it is recommended to run the post‑installation script that adjusts the graphics driver and enables Bluetooth and Wi‑Fi support. The entire process usually completes in under thirty minutes.
Community and Support
GalliumOS has an active community of users and developers who contribute in forums, IRC channels, and GitHub repositories. There you can find detailed guides to troubleshoot specific issues with certain Chromebook models, as well as tutorials for customizing the desktop environment or installing additional packages. The project regularly releases maintenance versions that incorporate Ubuntu kernel security patches and performance improvements. Additionally, there is a dedicated subreddit and a Discord server where members share tips, screenshots, and daily usage experiences. This community backing ensures that, even if official development slows down, there will always be someone willing to help and keep the system up to date.
Conclusion
In summary, GalliumOS represents a practical solution for those who want to make the most of their Chromebook hardware without sacrificing the power and flexibility of a full Linux operating system. Its focus on lightweight design, compatibility with specific hardware, and Ubuntu LTS base makes it suitable for both novice users seeking an alternative to Chrome OS and developers who need a stable and customizable work environment. If you have a Chromebook that no longer receives Google updates or simply want to experiment with Linux without investing in new hardware, it is worth trying GalliumOS and discovering how it can transform your device into a productive and secure machine. Moreover, its open license guarantees that anyone can inspect, modify, and redistribute the system according to their needs.
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